Multiscale-Multiparadigm Modeling and Simulation of Nanometer Scale Systems and Processes for Nanomedical Applications

TheUSNational Institutes of Health define thewordNanomedicine as “an offshoot of nanotechnology” in the context of “specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for curing diseases or repairing tissues”.1 Other broader definitions promote the term as the application of nanotechnology into the realm of medicine2 for the “preservation and improvement of human health using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body”.3 It is no surprise then, that the field ofmedicine has seen themost natural applications of nanotechnology asmost biological features and structures are found in the range of 1–500 nanometer.4 DNA and proteins, which can be considered as the nanoscale building blocks of life, function within this length scale and their aggregation into larger supramolecular systems with the help of other biomolecules allows for complex higher-level biological functions to be performed in coordinated fashion. During disease processes, biological structure and function are disrupted and any medical intervention aimed at sensing, diagnosing and controlling that diseasewithout side-effects